作業4-3
E. Collection evaluation methods
館藏評價方法
The techniques and processes used to gather data for collection assessment are briefly described below. The data ideally describe in a succinct fashion the strength and depth of existing collections and provide a basis on which to assign collection levels.
館藏評估的方法和步驟用於收集資料的簡要說明如下。理想的資料描述在一個簡潔的方式、現存館藏的強度和深度和提供一個基礎去分配館藏的標準。
Some techniques are essential and should be used consistently, while others are valuable under certain circumstances and not always necessary. It is up to the individual conducting the evaluation to select the methods, which will be used for each segment of the collection. This decision is based upon the availability of data, the amount of staff and other support available, and the goal for the final outcome (how it will be used in the library/institution). The techniques available for evaluating collections may be divided into two groups: those that are primarily collection-centered and those that are client-centered. Collection-centered techniques examine the content and characteristics of the information resources in order to determine the size, age, scope and depth of the collection in comparison to an external standard. Client-centered techniques describe how the collection is used and indicate the effectiveness of the collection relative to use. Collection assessment is likely to be most accurate and produce the most useful results when combinations of client-centered and collection-centered techniques, including both quantitative and qualitative results are employed in the data gathering and description process.
有些方法是不可或缺的而且應該一貫地使用，雖然另一些在某些情況下是寶貴的，且不總是必要的。它相當於個別的處理、選擇評估的方法，將會用於每個部分的館藏。這個決定是以可利用的資料、工作人員和其他提供可用的，以及為了最後結果的目標為基礎(如何將它用於圖書館/機構)。可用於評估館藏的方法可分為兩類：那些主要是以館藏為中心和以使用者為中心。以館藏為中心的方法，審查內容和獨特的資訊資源，為了確定大小、年齡、範圍和館藏的深度來跟外面的標準做比較。以使用者為中心的方法描述了如何使用館藏和指出館藏有效的相關使用。館藏評估很可能是最準確和產生最有用的結果，當結合了以使用者為中心和以館藏為中心的方法，包括量和質的結果是從事於資料收集和描述過程。
- Quantitative Measures
Quantitative measures reveal size, age, use, costs and other numeric data. Examples of quantitative measures include inventory, or shelf list measures to determine actual title or volume counts, by segment or subject area. Median age or similar measures indicate the currency of the materials. Amount expended for acquisitions in a segment or subject area per year illustrates the ongoing commitment to develop that area. Percentage of titles owned by a
library when compared to a standard list shows the breadth and depth of the collection. Use statistics (including internal library use and ILL) are both collection and client-centered.
量的測量
量的測量顯示出大小、年齡、使用、費用和其他數字的資料。測量的例子包括存貨，或架子上名單的計量，以確定實際名稱或卷數，藉由部分或主題領域。中間的年齡或類似的測量表明了材料的流通。為了獲得每年花費在部分或主題領域，說明了不斷致力於開發這個領域。部分的所有權是圖書館擁有的，當跟一個標準的目錄比較，顯示館藏的廣度和深度。使用統計(包括內部使用和圖書館館際互借)都收集和以使用者為中心。
- Qualitative Measures
Qualitative measures are obtained through subjective evaluation and involve the professional judgment of librarians, appraisal from subject experts, or the opinion of customers. These techniques include impressions of the condition, character and appropriateness of a section of the collection. Another qualitative technique is the judgment made by comparison of one subject in the collection to a similar subject in another library, or to a subject bibliography.
質的測量
質的測量透過主觀評價和涉及專業判斷的圖書館館員，學科專家的評價，或是使用者的意見。這些方法包括環境的影響、特性和適合的部分館藏。另一個定質的方法是跟另一個圖書館在館藏內的學科中，比較相似的主題後所得到評價，或是跟一個主題書目來做比較。
F. Collection depth indicators
The collection depth indicators, or levels, are numerical values used to describe a library’s collecting activity and goals. Three aspects of collection management are considered: current collection level, acquisition commitment, and collection goal.
館藏深度指標
館藏深度指標或標準是數值，用來描述一個圖書館的館藏活動和目標。三個方面的館藏管理被認為是：目前的館藏標準、收購保證和館藏目標。
Collection depth indicator definitions (see Appendix 2):
館藏深度指標的定義(見附錄2)：
0 = out of scope
1 = minimal information level
2 = basic information level
3 = study or instructional support level
4 = research level
5 = comprehensive level
0 = 超過範圍
1 = 最低資料標準
2 = 基本的資料標準
3 = 研究或教學的支持標準
4 = 研究標準
5 = 綜合標準
G. Language codes (RLG)
E: English language material predominates; little or no foreign language material is in the collection.
F: Selected foreign language material included in addition to the English material.
W: Wide selection of material in all applicable languages. No programmatic decision is made to restrict materials according to language.
Y: Material is primarily in one foreign language. The overall focus is on collecting material in the vernacular of the area.
語言代碼(RLG)
E：英語資料佔優勢；館藏中很少或根本沒有外國語言的資料。
F：選擇包括國外的語言資料除了英文資料之外。
W：種類繁多的資料在所有適用的語言中。沒有作出有計劃的決定，依據語言去限制資料。
Y：資料主要是在一門外國的語言。全部的重點則是在本地的館藏資料。
H. Language codes (WLN)
P: Primary language of the country predominates --- little or no other language material
S: Selected other language material included in addition to the primary language
W: Wide selection of languages represented
X: Material is mainly in one language other than the primary language of the library and country
語言代碼(WLN)
P：主要語言的國家佔主導地位---很少或根本沒有其他語言的資料
S：選擇包括其他語言資料除了主要的語言
W：廣泛選擇代表的語言
X：資料主要是用一種語言，除了圖書館和國家主要的語言
I. Policy implementation and revision timetables
政策的執行和修訂時間表
This describes the process for implementation, timetable for revision and other official adoption issues and introduces the notion of control.
這描述執行的過程，修訂的時間表和其他正式通過的議題，並介紹控制的概念。
Control
•Check the regular and pertinent application of the collection development policy on future acquisitions
•Call into question standing orders and subscriptions; thus apply retrospectively current policy standards on existing collections and relegate documents not fulfilling updated objectives.
控制
•定期檢查和相關應用的館藏發展政策在未來的收購上
•質疑長期訂購和訂閱，因此適用於追溯現行政策標準對現有的館藏和淘汰文件沒有實現更新的目標。
Revision
•Re-examine the policy text at a frequency to be determined in order to detect insufficiencies and integrate new needs or recent modifications such as budget cuts, new curricula, etc.
修訂
•重新檢查政策主題的頻率來確定，為了找出哪裡不適當，並結合新的需求或是最近的修改，如削減預算、新的課程等等。
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